Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body, and approximately 99% of the body’s calcium exists in the bones. The major function of calcium is building and maintaining bones and teeth. Calcium is also involved in various metabolic roles such as nerve transmission, contraction of muscles and the regulation of heart muscle function. Vitamin D is essential for the absorption and utilization of calcium. Deficiency of vitamin D results in lack of bone strength and density, and joint pain. Women’s calcium requirements are increased after menopause as levels of oestrogen decline resulting in decreased calcium absorption.

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